Todorov and Propp's Theories

Todorov's Theory 
Todorov said that there are 5 expected stages of a narrative, and here they are:

1. A state of equilibrium at the outset.
2. A disruption of the equilibrium by some action.
3. A recognition that there has been a disruption.
4. An attempt to repair the disruption.
5. A reinstatement of the equilibrium. 

Propp's Theory
Propp realised that certain characters recurred in completely different stories, here are the stock characters:

1. The villain (who blocks the heroes quest)
2. The hero/heroine (a character that seeks something)
3.  The gift giver (who provides an object which has magical properties)
4. The sender (who sends the hero on the quest via a message)
5. The false friend (who disrupts the heroes success)
6. The helper (who helps the hero)
7. The princess/prince (who is the reward for the hero)
8. The princess' father/king (who rewards the hero for his effort)